Thermodynamics is a process that involves the heat energy which moves between the systems. It is a process where the pressure remains constant. This will be explained, deeply with the help of an example. So, take an example of winter, in winter how will someone feel the warmth. The explanation is that by rubbing the palms together in winter, one can feel the warmth.
The reason behind that is that when one Rubs their palms together, this will produce heat, for example, in a Steam engine, one uses the power of heat to move the pistons, due to which the wheels of a car move in a straight direction. So this is what happens in thermodynamics processes.
MEANING OF THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamics is made up of two words. The first is ‘thermo’, which means ‘heat’, and the second is ‘dynamics’, which involves a connection of a motion that includes ‘mechanical work’.
Thermodynamics is a connection between both heat and other forms of energy. For example, a pistol has a fuel that burns inside of that pistol. In this example, there is a need to expand the pistol by allowing the flow of gasses so that it can move and fire. In this, the most necessary thing is the pressure that needs to remain constant.
The quantities which determine this whole process are:
Temperature
Pressure
Volume
Mass
Internal energy
External energy
Composition
equilibrium
These quantities are necessary to understand the criteria for choosing the state of variables and measuring them in a process.
OBJECTIVES OF THERMODYNAMICS
Define the heat
Identify the heat process
State the first law of thermodynamics
Heat transfer
Improves the thermal efficiency
Describe the difference between various forms of energy
Can be used in aerospace systems
Helps in the energy exchange process
Environmental friendly
Helps to keep changes in future
Helpful in sustaining the environment
Take the help of non-polluting efforts
Alternative energy
Establish the feasibility
Change in internal energy
Helps to complete the work
Establishes the relationships
TYPES OF THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES
Thermodynamics includes the study of four major processes. They are also known as quasi-static processes. They are as follows:
1. ISOBARIC PROCESS
ISOBARIC PROCESS
Isobaric is made up of two words. The first is ‘iso’ which means the ‘same’ and the second is ‘baric’ which denotes the ‘pressure’.
It is a process by which the pressure of the system remains constant. For example, when someone clutches a pistol, the fuel burns inside which allows gasses to expand outside for the system to remain constant and give some space for a gun to shoot.
But the main problem with isobaric processes is that a system can't remain constant. The pressure doesn't always remain constant.
The main idea behind the isobaric process is to remain constant and deal directly with the changes in volume and temperature.
2. ISOCHORIC PROCESS
ISOTHERMAL PROCESS
It is a process in which the volume of a system remains the same. For example, in a cylinder, continuous heating of gas takes place.
The formula to calculate the isochoric process is:
W = fPdV
In this, ddo= 0
Therefore, W = 0
3. ISOTHERMAL PROCESS
In this process, there would be no change in temperature, which signifies that the temperature remains constant. For example, when we keep hot water in a thermos when we remove some quantity of water from that flask but keep the temperature of that flask constant or the same as before. This is what the isothermal process is all about.
4 ADIABATIC PROCESS
It is a process, during which the heat of a system always remains constant. During this whole process, wholesome heat is inside the system. Not only heat is inside of the system, but the heat also can’t leave the system nor can enter on its own.
The explanation of the adiabatic process is explained below with the help of the first law of thermodynamics:
By adding the internal energy of a system with work done by a system, it gives rise to the heat which is supplied to the system. So, by adding the internal energy and work done, we get the heat supplied by a system.
5. QUASI-STATIC PROCESS
It is a process in which the system remains close to equilibrium each time. When a system remains close to an equilibrium every time, then the process is said to be a quasi-equilibrium process. For example, when a person comes down from the first floor to the ground floor with the help of stairs is a quasi-static process. But when one jumps directly from the first floor to the ground floor, we can't say that it is a quasi-static process.
LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS PROCESS
FIRST LAW
The first law of thermodynamics talks about the energy that cannot be created or destroyed. Some people say that it is ‘the conservation of energy.
The first law means that the energy can be transferred between the systems. Energy doesn't go anywhere, it stays everywhere. This law works on two things; heat and mechanical work. When one gains the energy, the other loses the energy and vice-versa. This law works on this method where one gains the energy and the other losses the energy.
SECOND LAW
The second law of thermodynamics deals with the entropy of the universe. They increase the entropy of the universe. The second law correlates with the disorder. It is divided into two parts: the system and the surroundings.
The second law is not only one of the most difficult laws but it was one of the most important laws of all. It talks about everything which happens in the universe besides the cause of the system.
THIRD LAW
The third law states it to be a perfect crystal that has no impurities. It needs to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium. There should be a crystalline state where all atoms are presented in a defined position. The third law excludes some of the solids, for example, glass. Because glass doesn't have any color or order.
The third law was not built on intuition but it was built empirically. It always approaches the same value as the temperature. The third law helps determine the reference point and helps to determine the absolute entropy.
These were the three laws of thermodynamics that are essential to know about heat and other forms of energy. It helps to know how you can take the help of heat and utilize the same in the process.
WORK IN THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS
WORK IN THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS
A thermodynamic process is essential to reach from state one to state two by walking on some paths. These paths are important to understanding the thermodynamic process. Because these paths make the systems while going for some change. This helps you to get the work done from state one to state two. But it depends upon the path which one has taken. With the help of types, one can select a path. Based on the types of thermodynamics, the process works smoothly and provides a way to reach the destination.
ADVANTAGES OF THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamics serves many advantages. Some of them can be read below:
Helps to know about the thermodynamics potential
It is a spontaneous process
Helpful in responding to changes in the environment
Increases in services
Helps in unifying the principles of biology
Conservation of energy
Energy cannot be destroyed
Builds the relationship between heat and other forms of energy
Helps to transfer the energy
In this, the energy can take the form of other
DISADVANTAGES OF THERMODYNAMICS
Along with advantages, thermodynamics does have some disadvantages as well. These are:
The system is very inefficient
Cost is huge
Time-consuming process
Environmental harms
Unfriendly techniques to be used
Chlorofluorocarbon harms the environment
Wastage of unused heat
Temperature variations
Uses plastic processing
Unnecessary use of heat
Constant keeping is required
CONCLUSION
Now you can conclude that a thermodynamic is a structure that is built upon stability. It works on three characteristics: equilibrium, irreversible, and quasi-static. It is a governing principle where people play with the ideas of identifying the cosmological constant.
In this, not all the behavior can be learned through reinforcement, some time needs to be given and then some learning will happen through observation.
In last, there are various mechanisms, a mass of system, concentrations, volumes changes, chemical reactions, energy constraint, number of orders, and different processes by which the properties of a system can change but the only thing which doesn't change is that thermodynamics is a process of physics that deals with the heat and various other energy to bridge the gap between the two energies.