Application of the Zeroth law of thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are there in equilibrium with the third body in that, then they need to have a thermal equilibrium with each other. For example, let’s take two cups, cup A and cup B with the boiling water. There is a condition that when a thermometer is placed in cup A, after that it needs to get warmed up until it reaches 100 degrees celsius. And when the temperature reaches 100 degrees then we can say that the thermometer is in equilibrium to cup A.
Application of the first law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of Conservation of energy because by this law energy cannot be created nor destroyed. For example, plants convert the radiant energy to chemical energy through the process known as photosynthesis just like we use the energy to walk, run, swim, breathe, etc. The refrigerator extracts two or more times as much heat from the inner side as the amount of energy needed to run it. On the surface, it is the first law of thermodynamics. It takes heat from a low temperature and pumps it outside the refrigerator at a high temperature. It produces an output by cooling the food inside the refrigerator.
Application of the second and third laws of thermodynamics
The Second law of thermodynamics
By this law, the heat always flows from the higher temperature to the lower temperature. This applies to all the types of heat engines whether it is diesel, petrol, fluids, etc. The law is very important in real life and can lead to progress with the days.
The next application of thermodynamics talks about heat pumps which can be reversed in the Carnot cycles specifically.
In an original Carnot cycle, heat produced can reverse the working of the Carnot cycle and provide the best way to transfer the heat from lower to higher temperatures.
To remove the heat from the food items, suppose they are kept in the refrigerator, and throwing them away will not change the temperature automatically. In this, we need to acquire the external work which we can get from the compressor to make this happen in a refrigerator.
Third law of thermodynamics
The third law demands that the entropy system needs to approach a constant value. The entropy of a crystalline substance is at zero temperature at the zeroth point. This statement holds a lot of power with the minimum energy.
For example, the molecules move freely without any stress here and there and also they have high entropy.
Application of thermodynamics in daily life
heat-flow
Hot and cold
In physical terms, cold is not a "thing'' it is the heat that is absent. Like sensory experience, cold is also real. When we put an ice cube in a cup of tea or milk to cool it, but in physics, this explanation is backward. This happens as heat moves from the tea to the ice and increases its temperature. The temperature is somewhere between the ice cube and the tea as the result comes, but at the beginning of the transfer, one cannot value two temperatures by averaging them.
Cooling Machine
The refrigerator pulls heat from its inner compartment where we store food and other goods and transfers it to the outside region. That's why the back area of the refrigerator is warm. An evaporator is inside the refrigerator into which heat from compartments flows. A readily liquified gas, at low pressure, evaporates into the pipe this process cools it.
An air conditioner also works like this: hot air in a room evaporates, and this evaporation flows through a fan that is at the backside, and this fan pump heats outside the room. The back of an air conditioner is hot as heat moves from the area to be cooled.
Transfer of heat
Let's see how heat is transferred. There is a difference in temperature between those two points from where heat is to be transferred from one point to another. No matter how hot or warm the object, it may be in ordinary form if an object has a uniform level of internal energy there is no heat transfer. Heat is transferred by three methods that are conduction, convection, and radiation.
Other applications of thermodynamics
other-application
In a crowded room sweating: In a crowded room, there are lots of people who start sweating. By transferring, the body heat to the sweat the body starts cooling down. This happens due to the first law of thermodynamics. The heat is not lost but transferred attaining equilibrium with maximum entropy this thing should be kept in mind.
Ice Cube melting: In a drink absorb the ice cube heat from the drink making the drink cooler. If we do not drink it, after some time, it again absorbs the atmosphere's heat as per room temperature. This is happening due to the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics principles are used to experience happiness and success. Let's see how it happens. You and your family have a finite amount of energy; it is a complex adaptation at any given time. To grow and survive, you need stimulation from the environment that is mental and emotional. So here entropy plays an important part.
Heat engines
heat-engine
A heat engine is a device that is quite popular to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy. A heat engine can be defined as a device that is used to convert heat or heating energy into mechanical energy to do the work. For example, jet engines use heat energy to convert it into mechanical energy, which thus does the work. Heat engines are harmful to nature. That is why scientists focus on converting these engines into mechanical work. Heat energy is the result of global warming ( temperature difference ) and it is not good for the environment. The difference between hot and cold temperatures gives rise to heat engines. So, the study of heat engines is essential to understand how thermal energy is getting converted into mechanical energy to work and why this is important to understand.
The application part is about how the heat engine operates in the real world. The cycle takes place in thermodynamics. The process takes place when the transferring of heat energy starts at a high temperature and ends at a low temperature. That means the result will take place when the heat energy transfers from a high temperature to a low temperature, keeping a certain amount of energy at the same time as will be used for the conversion.
The idea behind it is to take the heat from a high temperature and give the heat in terms of energy to a low temperature so that it can complete the work. Here, the efficiency of the heat plays an important role.
Carnot engine
carnot-engine
A Carnot engine works the same as a heat engine but the only difference between the two is that a Carnot engine works on a Carnot cycle. The first model was presented in 1824 by Nicolas Leonard and after that, some changes were made eventually. One such example is that the Carnot engine was Graphically expanded by Benoit paul in 1834. And afterward, also, this model was evaluated by many such people in 1857, like the one who was evaluated by Rudolf Clausius. The Carnot engine is the most efficient model and so the efficiency depends upon the absolute temperatures of both hot and cold heat reservoirs. Carnot's word has derived from the one who has proposed this model.
The model has been presented by Leonard Carnot. The Carnot engine is a thermodynamic cycle that focuses on gaining maximum efficiency. The process is done at the time when the heat is converted into mechanical work between the two reservoirs. The process takes place when the heat energy is transformed from a warm region to a cold region. The whole process was focused on converting some of the heat energy into mechanical work.
Conclusion
Finally, we can say that there are lots of applications of thermodynamics in physics that are related to the zeroth laws, the first, second, and third law of thermodynamics. Daily life also thermodynamics play an important role and the machines that we use for heating and cooling are the part of thermodynamics. Heating and cooling systems in houses and buildings design vehicles and engines that power the vehicles. The law controls the process by which energy is converted into heat and how the transfer of heat from one place to another. For example, taking a bath, flipping a light switch, melting an ice cube, and evaporation.